茄子花培后代的观察与应用

The Observation and Application of the Progenies of Solanum melongena L. Obtained by the Anther Culture

为分析茄子花培后代群体内性状分离及品系内主要性状的遗传稳定性和整齐性,对由长茄杂交种‘牟尼卡’(编号06-1001)进行花药培养获得的花培品系二代(DH2)和三代(DH3)的主要植物学性状进行了观察与比较。结果表明,从同一接种材料可以获得不同类型的花培品系,其始花节位、果形指数和单果重变异幅度很大,15个二代品系中,有46.7%的品系始花节位与接种材料达到显著或极显著差异标准,有40.0%的品系果形指数与接种材料达到显著或极显著差异标准,有33.3%的品系单果重与接种材料达到显著或极显著差异标准。同一品系不同世代间始花节位、果实横径、果实纵径、果形指数和单果重能稳定遗传;品系内个体间始花节位、果实横径、果实纵径、果形指数和单果重变异系数较小(<10%),系内整齐一致。此外,初步选育的花培品系‘06-139’和以花培品系为亲本的杂交组合‘05-203’开始在农业生产中应用。

In order to analyze the segregations of some traits among the progenies population, the stability of inheritance and the uniform about the some pollen lines, the observation and comparison of the botanical characteristics and traits of some pollen lines （DH 2 and DH 3 ） of cultured from the same sources was carried out. The results showed different types and great variation of the first flower node, the fruit shape index and the weight of individual fruit among the different pollen lines of cultured from the same source. Among the 15 pollen lines, 46.7% of the first flower node, 40.0% of the fruit shape index and 33.3% of the weight of individual fruit revealed significant differences or extremely significant differences compared to the same source. The first flower node, the fruit length, the fruit diameter, the fruit shape index and the weight of individual fruit of the same line were steadily inheritance in different generations. The five traits of individuals within the line were performed uniformly. Also, the preliminary breeding pollen lines and hybridized combination were starting to apply in the agricultural production. The experiment demonstrated that the anther culture in eggplant was a breeding method with high efficiency.