茶园主要害虫种群灯下监测及频振式与LED式杀虫灯的效果评价

Population Monitoring of the Major Tea Pests under Pest Forecast Lamp and Evaluation of Killing Effects under Frequency Vibrational Lamp and Light Emitting Diode Lamp

为了科学利用诱虫灯进行预测预报或诱杀茶树害虫,并为LED杀虫灯的开发利用提供科学依据,进行了测报灯的诱虫试验和不同灯种的对比试验。试验结果表明,虫情测报灯对茶树害虫具有良好的诱集作用,初步明确了白蚁、金龟甲、卷叶蛾类、茶银尺蠖、茶尺蠖、油桐尺蠖、茶斑蛾、茶鹿蛾、茶白纹螟、黑跗眼天牛、茶天牛、红翅天牛等害虫的灯下年消长规律,其中部分害虫的发生规律和世代数与文献记录存在差异。LED红光杀虫灯对昆虫没有诱集作用,蓝光杀虫灯诱虫能力强于紫光杀虫灯,其中,紫光杀虫灯诱集鳞翅目能力强于蓝光杀虫灯,诱集茶树鞘翅目害虫和天敌的能力也强于蓝光杀虫灯,而蓝光杀虫灯诱集半翅目、双翅目、同翅目和蜉蝣目昆虫的能力则比紫光杀虫灯强,频振灯除了诱集中性昆虫(蚊虫和蜉蝣)的能力比蓝光杀虫灯差外,对茶树害虫和天敌的诱集能力均大大优于紫光杀虫灯和蓝光杀虫灯,尤其对天敌有很强的杀伤力。而且,频振灯的诱虫谱比紫光杀虫灯和蓝光杀虫灯更宽。频振式诱虫灯适用于茶树害虫测报,或在成虫发生高峰期诱杀害虫,LED杀虫灯具有开发利用前景。

To forecast or trap tea pests using light trap scientifically, and provide the scientific basis for development and utilization of LED lights, trapping experiments on pest forecast lamp and comparative tests between frequency vibrational lamp and light emitting diode （LED） lamp were conducted. The intelligent pest forecast lamp showed good performance in trapping tea pests. The population fluctuation of tea pests was initially revealed, such as Isoptera, Scarabaeidae, Tortricidae, Scopula subpunctaria （Herrich Schaeffer）, Ectropis oblique Warren, Buzura suppressaria Guenee, Eterusia aedea L., Amata germana Felder, Hymenia recurvalis Fabricius, Chreonoma atritarsis Pic, Aeolestes induta Newman and Erythrus blairi Gressitt, etc. However, the occurrence and generation number of some pests were different from the existing records. Red light emitting diode （LED） lamp showed no effects on trapping insects, and blue LED lamp was more powerful than purple one. The Lepidoptera insects, Coleoptera pests and natural enemies were preferably trapped by violet LED lamp than blue one. On the contrary, blue LED lamp had stronger abilities to trap the pests which belonged to Hemiptera, Diptera, Homoptera and Ephemeroptera. Frequency vibrational lamp was not better at trapping mosquito and ephemera than blue LED lamp, but it showed good abilities to trap tea pests and especially for natural enemies than violet LED lamp and blue LED lamp. Frequency vibrational lamp had the wider spectrum of trapping tea pests than that of violet LED lamp and blue LED lamp. Frequency vibrational lamp was suitable for pest forecast and controlling tea pests at adult occurrence peak. LED light would be more promising prospects in exploitation and utilization.