中国信访救济与司法最终解决原则的冲突——以涉诉信访为中心

On Conflicts between China’s Petition Remedy and the Principle of Justice Ultimate Resolution——Focusing on the Petition Remedy of Litigation-Involved

司法最终解决原则是权利救济方式中最为完整、公平和有效的救济途径,而信访只是其中的一种方式。在法治不彰,司法没有终极效力之时,信访救济的存在无疑具有一定的制度合理性。但在由"政"治型国家向"法"治型国家转变的过程中,信访救济却与司法最终解决的原则与方式存在着内在矛盾。用这种行政性的社会治理手段去解决法律问题,与法治社会的要求显然不符。问题的解决之道往往在问题之外,要走出目前的涉诉信访困局,需要转变观念,在宪政建设的大视野下审视并选择这一制度的取舍之道。其根本途径在于:建立法律至上的宪政制度;转化信访的功能目标;确立司法最终解决原则。

The principle of justice ultimate resolution is the most complete, fair and effective way for rights remedy, while the petition remedy is only one way for rights remedy. There is no doubt the petition remedy has its certain institutional rationality when justice has no ultimate effect. While in the transformation process from the ＂political＂ rule-based state to the ＂law＂ rule-based state, there are some inherent contradictions between the petition remedy and the principle of justice ultimate resolution. Since the petition remedy is administrative in nature, a way of the rule of man. It is inconsistent with the requirements of the rule of law using the political way to resolve legal issues. To get out of the predicament, we must change our minds, and find solutions outside the petition remedy itself. In the perspective of constitutional construction, the fundamental solutions and strategies are. to establish the law supremacy principle of constitutional construction, convert the function of petition remedy, and set up the principle of justice ultimate resolution.