家庭环境与同伴关系对幼儿亲社会行为的影响

On the Influence of Family and Peer Relationships upon Children’s Prosocial Behavior

本研究选取大连市2所幼儿园共240名3～5岁幼儿作为被试，采用幼儿社会行为评定问卷、家庭环境量表、同伴提名法进行测试。考察家庭环境和同伴关系对幼儿亲社会行为的影响。研究表明：（1）4～5岁是幼儿亲社会行为发展的关键期。女孩的亲社会行为水平显著高于同龄男孩。（2）家庭亲密度和家庭矛盾性可以有效预测幼儿的亲社会行为水平．（3）不同同伴地位的幼儿亲社会行为水平有显著差异、其中，被拒绝组幼儿的亲社会行为水平显著低于受欢迎组、被忽略组和普通组幼儿。（4）家庭亲密度与同伴关系交互影响幼儿的亲社会行为水平。随着幼儿同伴地位的不同，家庭亲密度对其亲社会行为水平的影响强度也不同，其中，对有争议组幼儿和被拒绝组幼儿的影响尤为显著。

This study picked 240 3-5-year-old children from 2 kindergartens in Dalian and adopted children＇s social behavior rating questionnaire, FES-CV, and peer nominations to study the influence of family and peer relationship upon children＇s prosociai behavior. The results indicate that 1） 4-5 seems to be a critical agc at which children develop prosocial behavior with girls＇ level distinctively higher than boys＇ at this age; 2） fimily cohesion and convict degree can effectively predict children＇s prosocial behavior level; 3） significant difference exist between the prosocial behavior of children with different peer relationship, and the rejected children show much lower prosocial behavior level than the popular, ignored or ordinary children; 4） family cohesion and peer relationship interact on prosocial behavior, and family cohesion influence varies with children＇s peer relationship, with the influence much stronger on disputed and rejected children.