从司法过程中的话语权看法律语言与司法正义的互动关系

Interaction between Legal Language and Judicial Justice From the Perspective of Discourse Power in Judicial Process

以国内外语言学家对警局询问和法庭审理所转写的材料为依据,分析司法过程中话语双方权力上的不对等在话语方面的具体表现。由于司法过程中交际双方的身份和地位存在差异,法官、警察、公诉人、律师等权势方的交际风格通常是强势风格,而证人、原告、被告等非权势一方的交际风格则为弱势风格。前者通过打断后者的话语、将提问方式限制于"是—否"选言问答、对后者的话语进行大量的诠释等手段,控制话轮和主题,进而干预司法宗旨的实现。因此,有必要采取相应的规制,为双方提供一定的语言学知识培训,以促进司法正义的实现。

Based on transcripts conducted by linguists of court trial and police interrogation,this article shows how asymmetrical relationships between the more powerful group（i.e.,judges,prosecution,and lawyers） on the one side,and the group with less power（i.e.,witness,suspect,plaintiff and defendant） on the other side,are distributed interactively during police interview and court trial process.The former group may employ linguistic devices to monitor the process and necessary measures from the linguistic perspective should be taken to maintain justice for the latter group.