高压永磁同步电动机转子不同结构的起动性能分析

Analysis of starting performance for rotor structures of high-voltage permanent magnet synchronous motors

高压永磁自起动同步电动机从起动到牵入同步过程是一个复杂的机电瞬变过程。在电动机设计过程中,如何使电动机的起动性能、牵入性能以及稳态运行的过载性能达到协调统一是个不容忽视的问题。基于永磁电动机转子结构的改进,本文对高压永磁同步电动机的起动过程进行了数字仿真,研究了动态起动过程,研究了直轴同步电抗、交轴同步电抗以及两种同步电抗的比值对起动转矩、牵入转矩以及失步转矩的影响,并在分析过程中结合所得结论对一台315kW、6kV高压永磁自起动同步电动机及其改进结构进行了研究论证。仿真及试验结果表明,转子结构改进后的高压永磁同步电动机在起动过程中的几种性能上各有所长,互有得失,所得这些结论对推动高压永磁自起动同步电动机的实际运用具有指导意义。

The electromechanical transient process of high-voltage line-start （HVLS） permanent magnet synchronous motor （PMSM）,HVLS-PMSM,running from start-up to pull-in synchronization is complex.How to make the motor start-up performance,pull-in performance and the overload performance in steady-state operation to achieve the harmonization is an important issue in HVLS-PMSM design.Based on improving the structure of rotor of the motor,the starting process of the motor is deduced by numerical simulation.The influences of direct-axis synchronous reactance,cross-axis synchronous reactance and the ratio of them on the starting torque,pull-in torque and pull-out torque are analyzed.Meanwhile,all the conclusions gained from last step are demonstrated by the analysis of a 315 kW,6 kV HVLS-PMSM and its improvement form.The results show that the different rotor structures of HVLS-PMSM in the process of starting have its own strong points of several performances,which can guide the practical application of the HVLS-PMSM.