三种特殊家庭婴幼儿智能及社会行为发育现状分析

Toddler's intelligence and behavior development in special families

目的了解特殊家庭幼儿智能及社会行为发育的状况。方法选择来自离异、分居家庭及空巢家庭的1～3幼儿186例作为研究组,同时选择同年龄段正常家庭幼儿65例作为对照组。采用自制的1～3岁幼儿社会行为发育状况问卷对所有幼儿进行儿童社会行为能力发育状况的调查,同时使用CDCC婴幼儿智能发育测验进行儿童智能及运动发育指数(MDI、PDI)的检测。结果 (1)离异家庭及分居家庭组的儿童不良行为控制能力明显低于正常组,而离异家庭儿童生活自理能力高于正常家庭组,空巢家庭组儿童生活自理能力低于正常家庭组(P<0.05)。(2)空巢家庭留守儿童的MDI和PDI均低于于正常家庭组儿童(P<0.001)。结论有必要采取针对性的措施改善特殊家庭幼儿智能及社会行为发育的现状。

Objective To study intelligence and social behavior development of toddlers in special families.Methods 186 children aged 1～ 3 years old from divorced family、sepration family、empty-nest family and 65 children from normal families at the same age were enrolleded into this study.By using ＂Toddler＇s Social Behavior Development Questionnaire＂,social behavior development of these toddlers were surveyed,and CDCC was used to assess intelligence development of them.Results（1）The behavior development of children in divorced families and sepration families were significantly different with children in nomal families,while children in divorced families have higher self-care ability than children in nomal families,and children in empty-nest families have lower selfcare ability than children in nomal families（P0.05）.（2）Children in empty-nest families were more likely to have lower MDI（76.3± 19.1 vs 101.1±21.3）and PDI（89.5±14.2 vs 102±13.9）than those in nomal families（P0.001）.Conclusion There is a need to take methods to help children in special families for better development.