试比较鲁迅与丰子恺的儿童教育思想

A comparison of thougut on children education between Lu Xun and Feng Zikai

运用比较分析的方法,探索鲁迅与丰子恺儿童教育观的异同。鲁迅"以幼者为本位"的儿童观是以进化论为思想基础的,而丰子恺的儿童崇拜论则是在对艺术的崇仰和对佛教教义的思考中逐渐形成的;丰子恺认为儿童的长大是一种"退化",而鲁迅将儿童的成长看作必要的发展;在关于儿童教育的"大人化"问题上,丰子恺的总结比鲁迅所批评的"少年老成主义"更系统更具体,因而也更具实践性;承担教育责任的成人在丰子恺笔下是儿童的崇拜者,而在鲁迅那里则是引导者,是生命"过付的经手人";丰子恺更偏重艺术教育,且有排斥科学教育的倾向,而鲁迅主张一种结合智育与美育,贯通科学与人文的大教育思想。

In order to pursue the difference of children＇s education thought between Lu Xun and Feng Zikai, the method of comparative study was to be used. Lu Xun＇s viewpoint of children was based on evolutionism, Feng Zikai＇s viewpoint of children was based on buddhism and art. Feng Zikai considered the growth of children as degradation, but Lu Xun supported to help children to grow up. Feng Zikai＇s thoughts about misunderstanding of Children＇s education was more specific than Lu Xun. Feng Zikai considered the educator should adore children, but Lu Xun claimed to guide the children. Feng Zikai emphasized art education, but Lu Xun paid attention to science education as well as art education.