腮腺内下颌后静脉与面神经关系的解剖学研究

INTRAPAROTID ANATOMY OF THE FACIAL NERVE AND RETROMANDIBULAR VEIN

为了腮腺外科避免损伤面神经，本文对３１具成年尸体（５７例）腮腺内下颌后静脉与面神经关系进行了解剖学研究。结果：下颌后静脉宽５．６ｍｍ±１．０ｍｍ。有５０例（８７．８％）下颌后静脉位于面神经上、下干（或上、中、下干）内侧；有７例（１２．３％）下颌后静脉位于面神经上干内侧，进而转向下干外侧。依据下颌后静脉横过面神经不同部位，又分成若干亚型。其中较为常见者为下颌后静脉在面神经总干分叉点与下干分支点之间的内侧横过（３３．３％）。在２６具双侧解剖的尸体中，有４例（１５．４％）下颌后静脉与面神经关系左、右侧不同。

Objective: In order to avoid injure to the facial nerve in the parotid surgary, Methods: We investigated the relationship between the retromandibular vein and the facial nerve on 31 cadavers (57 lateral). Results: Width of the retromadibular vein was 5.51.0mm. In 50(87.7%) of the cases. The retomandibular vein was located on the medial side of the upper and lower trunks (or the upper, middle and lower trunks) of the facial nerve, and in 7(12.3%), the course of the retromandibular vein was medial to the upper trunks and lateral to the lower trunks. Conclusion: The most commonly encountered variation was that retromandibular vein crossed the facial nerve medial (33.31%) at a point beteen the bifucation and ramification points of the lower facial frunk. 4 cases (15.4%) in 26 cases, the course of the retromandibular vein was different on the right and left sides of the face in same cadaver.