五四时期的留学目的论及其趋向——以傅斯年留学思想的变化为例

The Aim and Trend of Study Abroad During the Period of May Fourth Movement

五四时期留学教育问题一度成为知识界热门话题,新文化运动的学生领袖傅斯年于1920年留学英国时也积极参与讨论,其中关于留学目的的主张及其变化颇具代表性。傅先是较为完整地提出留学应该兼顾"求专门名家的学问"与"接受欧化"的两大目的论,并分别由官费生与自费生承担任务。但数月后傅却出现了淡化"接受欧化"一面的明显趋向。傅斯年两大留学目标的提出与当时的社会改造思潮与自身独特的"造社会"论密切相关,而留学目的论态度的变化则是其进一步观察留学界现实的结果,追求"学术独立"也逐渐成为知识界认可的唯一留学目标。然而,傅斯年的转向并不意味着问题的解决,事实上,近代以来两大留学目标的实现均大成问题,其中关键在于国内过于倚重留学生的社会风气。

In May Fourth times,the problem of studying abroad education became a hot topic in the intellectual circle,and the New Culture Movement＇s student leader Fu Sinian positively participated in the discussion in 1920 when he was studying in Brit-a in.Furthermore,his viewpoint about the purpose of studying abroad and its change are representative.Fu first completely pointst hat studying abroad has two purposes,＂ Seeking special master＇s knowledge＂ and ＂ accepting the Europeanization ＂,the duty ofw hich should be separately undertaken by the Students studying on the expense of the government and self-financed.But severalm onths later,Fu obviously desalinated the purpose of ＂ accepting the Europeanization＂.Fu Sinian＇s statement on the two purposes of studying abroad is closely related with both the transforming ideological trend and its own uniquely ＂ building the society＂ theory.His change of the attitude to the purpose of studying abroad is the result of his further observation on the educational world re-a lity,so the pursuing ＂ academic independence＂ gradually becomes the only purpose in intellectual circle.However,Fu Sinian＇sc hange does not mean that the question is solved.In fact,the two purposes of studying abroad are very difficult to be realized int he modern times.The key reason lies in depending on the students studying abroad excessively.