弗洛伊德主义与五四新文学

Freudian Doctrine and the May Fourth Movement New-Vernacular Literature

五四前后,弗洛伊德精神分析学说传入中国,当时中国文坛几乎所有作家都知晓弗洛伊德,也都或多或少、或直接或间接地受到过弗洛伊德的影响。鲁迅的一些小说,以及《野草》的若干篇章,都于潜意识领域,深入发掘人物超常态的心理因素和精神特性,使其作品在透视人物灵魂方面具有了非凡的深度和广度。创造社作家的一些作品,通过对性的大胆和深入的描写,肯定了人的自然本性,给禁锢人性、扼杀人性的封建主义致命的一击。文学研究会作家周作人、杨振生、王以仁、汪敬熙等人的作品,运用弗氏的无意识和性本能的理论,揭示出人物深层次意识中真实存在的心理病变、性苦闷、性压抑和性变态,写出了当时社会环境下人性的本真状态以及封建社会对人性的摧残。

Around the May Fourth Movement,psychoanalysis theory entered into China,almost all writers in Chinese literary world know him,and have direct and indirect connection of Freudian influence.Some novels by Lu Xun and several sections and chapters of ＂ Weeds＂ are all in the subconscious domain,and dig up the psychological factor and the spirit specific properties of figures,making his works possess outstanding degree of depth and the scope of the soul.The works by Zhou Zuo-ren,Yang Zhen-sheng,Wang Yi-ren and Wang Jing-xi etc.are written with the technique of the instinctive theory of Freudian unconsciousness and nature,expressing the mental pathological changes of the figures and their depressed and abnormal nature,and the distorted human nature under the feudal society.