1930年代“中国本位”与“全盘西化”论战对马克思主义中国化的影响

The Influence of "Chinese-centered" and "Wholesale Westernization" Debate in the Localization of Marxism in China

1938年,在中共六届六中全会上,毛泽东第一次提出了"马克思主义中国化"的命题。此前,发生于1935年的"中国本位"与"全盘西化"论战与这一科学命题的提出具有内在的、必然的逻辑联系。首先,马克思主义的传播与马克思主义中国化进程是互为动力的,在这次关于"中国本位"与"全盘西化"论战中,马克思主义受到学者们的广泛关注,促进了马克思主义在中国的进一步传播,也促进了知识界对马克思主义的研究,这是加速马克思主义中国化进程的重要动力;其次,1930年代也是近代中国马克思主义中国化的第一大理论成果——毛泽东思想形成的重要时期,作为毛泽东思想的重要组成部分的新民主主义文化观的形成与这次论战有着密切的联系:论战中,学者们对文化建设的原则、途径、方法及文化的任务等问题进行了广泛探讨,促进人们更加理性和清醒地思考中国文化建设的道路,为新民主主义文化观的形成提供了宝贵的思想资源;最后,在这次论战中学者们提出的关于文化的中国化问题,是"马克思主义中国化"这一表述的雏形,论战同时引发了关于文化建设必须适合中国国情以及如何使之中国化的思考,而"马克思主义中国化"恰是对这一问题深入思考后作出的科学回答。

In 1938,the Sixth Party Plenum,Mao Zedong proposed the concept of the localization of Marxism in China firstly.Prior to that,the debate of ＂ Chinese-centered＂ and ＂ wholesale Westernization＂ occurred in 1935 had internal positive connection to the proposition of this scientific argument.Firstly,the spread of Marxism and the localization of Marxism in China are mutually reinforcing process.During the debate of ＂ Chinese-centered＂ and ＂ wholesale Westernization,Marxism was widely noticed by the scholars and this promoted the further spread of Marxism in China,and also promoted the further research of Marxism in China,which accelerated Chinese application of Marxism.Secondly,the 1930s was an important period of Maoism,which the first major theoretical achievements of the localization of Marxism in China.As the important part of Maoism,the formation of New Democracy was closely related to this debate：during the debate,the principles,approaches,methods and cultural tasks of culture construction were widely discussed by the scholars,which further promoted the reasonable thinking of Chinese cultural construction and valuable resources for the formation of New Democratic culture.Finally,the Chinese application of democratic culture,proposed in the debate,was an embryo of the localization of Marxism in China.The debate also triggered the thinking that the Democratic Cultural construction must be suitable for China＇s national conditions and how to applicant.＂ The localization of Marxism in China＂ was exactly the scientific reply after the thinking.