犹太文化背景与战后美国激进青年文化的生成

Jewish Cultural Background and the Making of the Radical Youth Culture in the Post-War America

20世纪五六十年代,从垮掉的一代到嬉皮士反体制、反主流文化传统的青年激进文化在美国演为时代大潮。它的出现在对传统社会文化产生严重冲击的同时,又为社会价值体系的更新和重构提供了契机和思路。从根源上考察,犹太文化背景在其中占有突出位置。犹太家庭和社区宗教与政治文化氛围以及犹太知识分子群体的共同熏陶造就了一代青年文化反叛者。反物质至上主义、对社会正义的执着、对主流文化的抵抗、对和平变革与理想社会信念的坚守等激进青年文化的基本诉求,无一不与犹太文化和政治传统相关联。左翼犹太知识分子群体则在为激进青年提供变革理论的同时,通过参与其中起着引领和榜样作用。

A young rebellion culture——from the beat generation to the hippies——became a grand trend in America during the period of the 1950s-1960s.The shock of it on social cultural tradition of America was serious but it provided opportunities and ideas for refactoring and renewing American values and life style.Most young radicals came from the Jewish cultural background.A generation of youth rebellion of culture was bred or made in the cultural atmosphere of religion and politics in Jewish families and communities.Their cultural appeals to antimateralism,dedication to social justice,refusal to the culture,belief of peaceful change are rooted in Jewish religion and political tradition.Jewish intellectuals not only provided radical change theories but also played a leading role in making youth radical culture through direct participation.