赫伯特·克罗利与美国宪政的批判与重建

Herbert Croly and Critical Reconstruction of American Constitutionalism

19世纪末20世纪初,美国在由农业社会向工业社会转型的过程中,兴起了一场复杂多样的全方位的社会政治改革运动——进步运动。在这场运动中,以赫伯特·克罗利为首的改革派(或进步派)对美国古典自由主义宪政进行了深刻的批判与重建。他认为,开国先辈们确立的宪政所采用的保持和重新调整平衡的方法存在严重缺陷,主张增强行政部门的权力,协调行政机关与立法机关的紧张关系,支持司法审查。换言之,他主张通过将个人主义的自由与民主观念改造为进步主义的民主与自由观念,在不根本触动美国宪政框架的前提下,实现对美国宪政的改造以适应变化了的美国经济与社会形势。

There occurred great reform movements in American politics and society at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century——The Progressive Movements;consequently,in ideological and cultural sphere,emerged into the Progressive Thought in America.Herbert Croly,the leading progressive reformer during the Progressive Movement,theoretically criticized and reconstructed the old liberal constitutionalism of America.He pointed out that the constitutionalism of the Founders of America existed inherent faults.He advocated the following reform means：enhancement of the executive power,coordination between the executive boy and the legislative boy and the judicial review.In other words,he proposed that by means of transformation from classical liberalism to progressivism and based on maintaining the fundamental frame of the constitutionalism of America,reconstructed the American constitutionalism adjust to the new economical and political circumstances.