颠覆抑或延续——关于徽州乐人阶层变迁的口述与文献研究(下)

Turnover or Continue:Study on the Document and Oral Statement About the Changes of Musician Class in Huizhou (Ⅱ)

徽州旧有大姓、小姓之分。大姓为村落中著有宗谱、盖有祠堂、建有祖坟的宗族世家。小姓是大姓的仆人,因住主屋、种主田、葬主山而需为大姓服劳役。在婚丧祭祖等礼俗中吹打演剧属小姓所应贱役之一。20世纪90年代,当笔者前往徽州考察时,婚丧等礼俗中的奏乐者多为大姓后代承担。这一音乐文化现象是对传统的颠覆疑惑延续?本文将以对口述和文献资料的研究,力图厘清徽州乐人阶层变迁的历史过程。

There were different of the surnames used by large and influential family and by small families. That the suname used by large and influential family is a clan of old and well known family with genealogy, memorial temple and and ancestral grave in the village. That the suname by small family is the servant of large and influential. That the performance in the activities of etiquette and custom such as wedding, funeral arrangements, and ancestor-worship celebration is one of small family servant duties. The case was changed when the writer was investigating in Huizhou during 1990s that the most of music players in the activities of etiquette and custom such as wedding, funeral arrangements were the later generations of large and influential family. Is it the turnover or continue of traditions for this kind of musical culture phenomenon？ The paper studied the oral and literature materials, try to draw the outline of the historical process of the musician class changed in Huizhou.