不同花生品种重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr富集与转运规律

Bioaccumulation and Transformation of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd and Cr in Different Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cultivars

以青岛市8个主栽花生品种为试材,通过相同土壤条件下大田种植和室内检测分析,对花生植株不同器官中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr重金属元素的吸收、富集与转运规律进行了研究。结果表明,供试的8个花生品种植株根系中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd含量存在显著性差异,茎叶中Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr含量存在显著性差异,籽仁中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd和Cr含量均存在显著性差异,果壳中Cu、Zn和Cd含量存在显著性差异;供试的8个花生品种籽仁中Cd含量均超过了农业部无公害花生Cd≤0.05 mg.kg-1的卫生限量标准。花生植株各器官对重金属的平均生物富集量顺序:根系和果壳为Zn>Cu>Cr>Pb>Cd,茎叶和籽仁为Zn>Cu>Pb>Cr>Cd。花生植株各器官的平均转运量系数顺序:茎叶为Pb>Zn>Cd>Cr>Cu,籽仁为Zn>Cu>Cd>Pb>Cr,果壳为Cr>Cu>Zn>Pb>Cd。A4为花生籽仁低Pb吸收富集型品种,A3为花生籽仁低Cd吸收富集型品种。

Field experiments were carried out to investigate the bioaccumulation and transformation of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,and Cr in different parts of eight general peanut cultivars in Qingdao.The results showed that the Cu,Zn,Pb,and Cd concentrations in peanuts roots were significantly different in eight cultivars for test,and the Cu、Zn、Pb,and Cr contents in peanuts shoots,the Cu、Zn、Pb,Cd,and Cr in peanuts seeds and Cu、Zn,and Cd in peanuts shells were significantly different too.The Cd concentrations in eight peanut cultivars seeds were limit between 0.051-0.126 mg·kg-1,which were higher than the tolerance limit standard of cadmium（Cd≤0.05 mg·kg-1）in pollution-free peanut of agriculture department.The average bioaccumulation sequence of the five heavy metals（i.e.Cu,Zn,Pb,Cd,and Cr） in peanut root and shell was ZnCuCrPbCd,and was ZnCu PbCrCd in peanut shoot and seed.The results showed that the average transforming coefficient of the five heavy metals were quite different in different parts of peanut plant,which was PbZnCdCrCu in shoots,ZnCuCdPbCr in seeds,and CrCuZnPbCd in shells.In seeds of the eight peanut cultivars,Pb accumulation was relatively low in A4 cultivated variety,and Cd accumulation was relatively low in A3.