明代河南旱灾与社会应对

Henan Drought in Ming Dynasty and Social Response

明代河南旱灾具有频率高、持续时间长、后期重于前中期、空间分布广、地域和季节分布不平衡等特点。频繁的旱灾,引发了严重饥荒、诱发了其他灾害、造成了严重的社会动荡。为应对旱灾,河南社会采取了兴修水利、积粮备荒、蠲免赋税、组织赈救、祭祀祈雨等措施。但在明末罕见旱灾的打击下,在政治腐败、财政空虚的大环境中,效果并不十分理想。

Henan drought in Ming Dynasty not only has high frequency and long duration,but also shows features that the latter period is more serious than the prometaphase,a wide spatial dispersion,uneven geographical and seasonal distribution,and so on..Frequent drought caused severe famine and induced other disasters,causing serious social unrest.In order to deal with the drought,Henan society took a series of measures,such as building irrigation works,reserving grain against natural disasters,exempting taxes,organizing relief,offering sacrifices to pray for rain and so on.But in the late Ming Dynasty,under the influence of rare drought,political corruption,and void finance,the effect of these measures was not very ideal.