关于公法与私法划分的理论思考

Theoretical Considerations about the Classification Between Public Law and Private Law

公法与私法是学理上的概念,但公私法之区分却是实定法上的,任何国家任何时期皆会存在。公法或私法不是实定法上的部门法,甚至也不是某些部门法之整合,而只能是特定的法规范。公私法划分的意义在于决定某一事项是适用公法规范还是私法规范以及由何种法院管辖,但公法与私法之划分和一元审判体制还是二元审判体制没有必然联系。关于公私法划分的一元标准在司法实践中现实意义不大,司法往往会首先根据立法规定进行判断。在立法上没有规定的情况下,才会运用到学理上的标准,并且,还不是一元的标准,而是二元或多元。

Public law and private law are a doctrinal concept,but the classification between them is positive,which exists in any country at any time.Public or private law is not legal department or the integration of legal department,but a specific norm of law.The significance of the classification between them lies in the application of law norms and the jurisdiction of the court,but it has nothing to do with the unitary or dualistic trial system.The significance of the classification between public law and private law is not obvious in judicatory,for the judiciary judgment is often made firstly in accordance with legislative provisions.On the circumstance of no legislative provisions,there is a need to apply doctrinal standards of the classification between public law and private law,and,the standard is not unitary,but dualistic or multiple.