抽取地下水引起地面沉降的研究现状与进展

Present situation and advance problems on the land subsidence caused by groundwater pumping

通过对国内外地面沉降方面研究的调查,概述了地面沉降的研究现状,介绍了目前地面沉降的监测方法,主要包括水准测量、GPS、合成孔径干涉雷达测量(InSAR)。分析了近几十年来用于模拟抽取地下水引起地面沉降的数学模型,按照水流模型和土体变形模型将地面沉降模型分为三种类型,即由水流模型获得含水层的水头变化,再由水头变化计算土体变形的两步模型;仅考虑垂直方向的变形和孔隙水压力变化的部分耦合模型;考虑孔隙水压力变化和土体变形的相互影响和作用的完全耦合模型。对于地面沉降作用过程的研究,介绍了地面沉降与水流的耦合数值模型及模拟方法的发展过程及现状。最后对我国地面沉降的研究提出了建议。

The land subsidence at home and abroad was studied.The present situation of land subsidence were summarized,the current status of land subsidence monitoring methods were introduced,mainly including leveling,GPS,synthetic aperture radar measurements（InSAR）.The mathematical models of land subsidence caused by groundwater pumping were analyzed in recent decades,according to water flow model and the soil deformation model,land subsidence models are divided into three types,namely,the aquifer head changes were obtained from the flow model,and then soil deformation was calculated by the head changes in the two-step model;The vertical deformation was considered only and pore water pressure changes in part of the coupled model;The pore water pressure changes and the interaction of soil deformation were considered in the full coupled model.The coupling of land subsidence and water flow numerical model and simulation development process and current conditions were described in the process of land subsidence.Finally,the study of land subsidence was suggested.