中古时期中土文献“非为”式否定判断句论析

On the "Fei-Wei" Pattern Negative Predicative Sentences in Chinese Literatures during Middle Ages

系词"为"在上古已经萌生并早于系词"是"的出现,到了中古时期,伴随着系词"是"和有系词判断句的迅猛发展,系词"为"也渐渐发展成熟,表现在使用范围的扩展和语法功能的增强上。"为"不仅用于肯定判断,也可用于否定判断;不仅用于谓词性判断句,也可用于体词性判断句。这些特点集中体现在中古时期的中土文献中。

The copular verb ＂Wei＂ appeared in ancient Chinese earlier than the copular verb ＂Shi＂. In middle ages, with the rapid development of the copular verb ＂Shi＂ and judgment sentences using the copular verb, ＂Wei＂ broadened its range of application, enhanced it grammatical function, and gradually matured. It appeared in both affirmative predicative sentences and in negative ones; the words following it could not only be predicate-predicative, but also nominal-predicative. Such characteristics were embodied in Chinese literatures in middle ages.