基于负载均衡的无线传感器网络路由算法

Routing Algorithm Based on Load Balance in Wireless Sensor Network

针对传统的分簇路由协议存在的监测盲区和"热区"问题,在LEACH和PEGASIS协议的基础上做了改进,提出了一种负载均衡的无线传感器网络改进分簇路由算法.在簇的构成阶段,综合考虑了节点到簇首及簇首到基站的复合距离,普通节点选择复合距离最小的簇加入;簇间通信采用多跳的方式,多跳通信的下一跳路由是基于网络通信开销指标和簇首的剩余能量选择的,使得网络的负载更均衡.NS2仿真结果表明,改进路由算法高效地平衡了整个网络的能量消耗,从而延长了网络的生命周期.

To solve the problems of blind area monitoring and ＂hotspot＂ in conventional clustering routing protocols,an improvement is made on the basis of LEACH and PEGASIS to propose a load-balance routing algorithm in wireless sensor networks.In cluster formation,considering the composite distance including that from node to cluster head and from cluster head to base station,the unclustered nodes with minimum composite distance are chosen to be included in the cluster,thus balancing the network energy efficiently.Since inter-cluster communication is carried out in a multi-hop mode,the next hop routing is chosen according to the network communication cost and residual energy of cluster head so as to balance the network load further.The simulation results by NS2 showed that the improved algorithm proposed not only balances the energy consumption of the whole network efficiently but also results in the prolonged network lifetime.