密度胁迫对桔小实蝇的行为和生物学参数的影响

Effect of High Densities on Behavior and Biological Parameters of Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)

研究了高密度胁迫对桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)成虫行为及主要生物学参数的影响.结果表明,当雌、雄虫单独存在时随着密度的增大雌虫挑衅和梳理行为逐渐增加,活动行为逐渐下降;雄虫挑衅和梳理行为逐渐增加,取食、振翅和活动行为呈下降趋势.与独立存在相比,两性共存时雌、雄虫的活动次数随着性比的增大明显增多.活动频次增大是桔小实蝇成虫对性比和密度增大的有效响应.高密度下成虫寿命缩短,雌虫生殖力下降.每笼30对雌雄成虫时单雌日产卵量为40.96粒,显著低于3对雌雄成虫的107.9粒.由高密度幼虫发育而来的成虫寿命和雌虫生殖力也显著降低,死亡速率明显较快,日累积存活率与年龄之间符合抛物线关系,而对照符合直线方程.幼虫期高密度提高了蛹期对高温的耐受力.

The influence of high densities on the behavior and biological parameters of oriental fruit fly,Bactrocera dorsalis（Hendel）,adults were studied.The results revealed that the probability of aggression and preening behavior of the female and male increased,while the activity behavior of female,and feeding,wing fanning and activity of male decreased,when the single sexual adult progressed.Compared to the single sexual adult treatment,the probability of adult activity increased obviously when the females and males were kept in the same cage.The high density made the adult life span shortened and caused female fecundity decreased.It was showed that 40.96 eggs of the female average eggs per day from the density of 30 pairs of adults was lower than 107.9 eggs from the density of 3 pairs adults significantly,and the longevity and fecundity of adults developing from the high density of larvae also decreased and their death was dramatically accelerated.The relationship between adults daily cumulative survival capability and ages could be fitted into a parabola equation,while a linear equation fitted for the control.Although the crowding density of larvae could make the survival ability of adults weakened,but their pupae had a better heat tolerance.