运动员心脏风险的心电图筛查

ECG Screening of Athletes' Cardiac Risk

运动训练有可能造成心脏结构和电活动的改变,这些改变会造成心电图表现的改变。某些时候,运动员心电图的改变有可能反映出一些潜在的心脏病变,而这些心脏病变,有可能使运动员在运动过程中面临巨大的风险。所以,心脏的病理性改变和运动训练所造成的生理性改变必须正确地加以区分。本文结合国内外新近的研究和报道,总结了利用12导心电图判别运动员心脏改变的方法,目的就是为了把运动员生理性和病理性的心电图改变区分出来。我们既不能把运动员正常的心电图改变视为病理性的,也不能忽略由严重心脏病变所导致的病理性心电图改变。尽管临床上有其他的方法用于鉴别运动员的心脏改变,但是12导心电图的使用无疑可以降低错误的判断并且可以减少运动员心脏风险筛查的开支。

Regular exercise and physical training leads to physiological structural and electrical changes in the heart. Cardiovascular changes in the heart of athletes is often associated with ECG changes. Sometimes,ECG abnormalities of athletes may reflect underlying heart diseases which put athletes at risk of sudden cardiac events during sport. ECG abnormalities resulting from pathological cardiac diseases and intensive physical training must be identified. This article provides a modern approach to interpreting 12-lead ECGs of athletes based on recently published new findings. The main objective is to distinguish between physiological ECG changes and pathological ECG abnormalities. We have to find out a way to prevent physiological changes in the athlete being erroneously attributed to heart disease,or signs of life-threatening cardiovascular conditions being dismissed as a normal variant of athlete＇s heart. Although additional testing to exclude （or confirm） the suspicion of a lethal cardiovascular disorder is needed,appropriate interpretation of an athlete＇s ECG will prevent unnecessary distress and also result in considerable cost saving.