基于自由心证的篮球裁判判罚认知偏差的主客观因素分析

Freedom of Evidence-based Basketball Referee Subjective and Objective Factors of Cognitive Bias

基于自由心证的角度,将篮球裁判判罚形成分为原始意识、应用意识、应变意识、控制意识四个阶段,并对这四个阶段进行了心理过程的综合分析。从而得出影响篮球裁判员在比赛中的判罚认知偏差的主客观因素,认为篮球裁判在判罚过程中不可避免地受到各种因素的干扰,其中受心理因素的影响较大,其中的客观因素分为:1运动员的表现;2规则的滞后性和发展性、抽象性;3裁判员的判罚水平与阅历。主观因素为:篮球裁判在判罚过程中心理存在的:感情效应;定势效应;权威效应;晕轮效应;迎合效应。

Based on the perspective of freedom of evidence,the basketball referee into the original sense of the formation,application awareness,contingency awareness and control consciousness of four stages,and the four stages of a comprehensive analysis of psychological processes. To arrive at the game of basketball referees in the penalty objective and subjective factors of cognitive bias,think basketball referee in the penalty process inevitably affected by the interference of various factors,which influenced by psychological factors,of which the objective factors divided into：1 athlete＇s performance; 2 lag and the development of rules,abstraction; 3 referees and experience levels. Subjective factors are：basketball referee in the penalty process of psychological existence：emotional effect; the fixed effects; authoritative effect; halo effect; meet effect.