家庭中影响儿童行为问题的心理因素研究

Psychological Factors Influencing Children Behavioral Problems in Family

目的探讨儿童行为问题与其心理健康、人格、父母人格及养育方式的关系,寻找儿童行为问题的心理影响因素,为儿童行为问题的心理干预提供科学依据。方法用《Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)》(家长问卷)筛查591名儿童的行为问题,用《学生心理健康诊断测验手册(MHT)》调查儿童心理健康状况,应用《艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)》(少年版)调查儿童人格状况,应用《艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)》(成人版)及《父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)》调查家长的人格状况及其教育方式,对以上调查结果进行评估、比较。结果有行为问题儿童的对人焦虑、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向、焦虑程度得分均高于无行为问题儿童(均P<0.01),过敏倾向、身体症状得分均高于无行为问题儿童(均P<0.05)。有行为问题儿童的母亲拒绝、否认得分均可能高于无行为问题儿童(均P<0.01),父亲惩罚、严厉;父亲过分干涉;父亲偏爱被试;父亲拒绝、否认及母亲惩罚、严厉得分均高于无行为问题儿童(均P<0.05)。有行为问题儿童的精神质得分高于无行为问题儿童(P<0.01),内外向、神经质得分均高于无行为问题儿童(P<0.05)。有行为问题儿童家长的神经质得分高于无行为问题儿童家长(P<0.05)。儿童行为问题可能的危险因素有儿童恐怖倾向、父亲偏爱被试、家长神经质(以上回归系数均大于0);儿童行为问题可能的保护因素有家长精神质(回归系数小于0)。结论儿童行为问题的发生与儿童心理健康状况、家长人格及父母教养方式有关,提高儿童心理健康水平,改变家长人格及家长教养方式将有助于预防和减少儿童行为问题的发生。

Objective To explore the relationship between the children behavioral problems and their mental health,personality,parents＇ personality and parental rearing patterns so as to search for the psychological factors influencing children behavioral problems to provide a scientific basis of the psychological interventions.Methods Using ＂Student Mental Health Test（MHT manual）＂ and ＂Achenbach Child Behavior Scale Questionnaires（CBCL）＂ the mental problems and behavioral problems of 591 children were screened.＂Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ）＂ was used to exam children and their parents,and ＂Egma Minnen av Bardndosnauppforstran（EMBU）＂ to exam children,conducting a questionnaire assessment.Results Children with behavioral problems probably got higher scores than children without behavior problems on human anxiety,terrorist tendency,impulsive tendency,anxiety level（P〈0.01）and allergic tendency,physical symptoms（P〈0.05）.Children with behavioral problems probably got higher scores than children without behavior problems on the mother＇s refusal and denying（P〈0.01）and father＇s punishment and seriousness,father＇s too much interference,subject preferred by father,father＇s refusal and denying,mother＇s punishment and seriousness（P〈0.05）.Children with behavioral problems probably got higher scores than children without behavior problems on P-personalities（P〈0.01）and E-personalities,N-personalities（P〈0.05）.Children with behavioral problems probably got higher scores than children without behavior problems on parents＇ N-personalities（P〈0.05）.The possible risk factors were children＇s terrorist tendency,subject preferred by father and parent＇s N-personality（β^0）and the possible protecting factor to children behavioral problems was parent＇s P-personality（β^0）.Conclusion Children behavior problems were related to mental health of children,children and parents＇ personalities and parents＇ rearing patterns.To improve children＇s mental health,to change parents＇ personalities and parents＇ rearing patterns will help to prevent and reduce the incidence of child behavior problems.