黑龙江鲤、德国镜鲤选育系与荷包红鲤抗寒品系生长及越冬体重损失的初步研究

The preliminary study on growth performance and overwintering weight loss of Heilongjiang carp,selective line of German mirror carp and the cold-resistant line of Hebao red carp

利用电子标记跟踪同期孵化、同池饲养的黑龙江鲤(YL)、德国镜鲤选育系(JL)及荷包红鲤抗寒品系(HL)的生长过程。在135d(越冬前)、325d(越冬后)、385d及445d测定相关生长性状,评估3种鲤生长性能,并探讨越冬体重损失同越冬前体重的关系及其对越冬后生长的影响。结果显示,JL的特定增重率仅在1～135d显著高于YL和HL(P<0.05);YL体长的特定增长率在1～135d和325～385d显著高于JL和HL(P<0.05);3种鲤品种内个体间生长差异较大,体重的变异系数在各测定时段均超过20%;在445d时,3种鲤的性腺重和性腺成熟系数均为雄性显著高于雌性(P<0.05),但同一品种(系)雌鱼和雄鱼在各测定时段的生长无明显差别。越冬体重损失率与越冬前体重呈显著的正相关(P<0.01),但越冬前相同体重范围个体的越冬体重损失率存在一定差别,可细分为低体重损失(LWL)和高体重损失(HWL)两个群体;LWL群体的越冬前体重显著低于HWL群体(P<0.05),但在越冬后各测定时段的体重均显著高于HWL群体(P<0.05),LWL群体体长在各测定时段均显著高于HWL群体(P<0.05);越冬体重损失率同325～385d及385～445d的特定增重率无明显相关,但与385d及445d的体重呈显著的负相关(P<0.01)。以上结果表明,JL(体重)和YL(体长)的生长优势主要表现在早期(1龄);3种鲤的生长性能均具有较大的选育空间,但同一品种(系)雌雄个体在445d前的生长无明显差别;越冬体重损失不影响后期的生长速度,而通过决定越冬结束时的体重来影响生长。

In the present study,the growth performance and the effects of overwintering weight loss on the growth of Heilongjiang carp （ Cyprinus cario haematopterus） （ YL） ,selective line of German mirror carp （ Cyprinus carpio L.mirror） （ JL） and cold-resistance line of Hebao red carp（ Cyprinus carpio var.wuyuanensis） （ HL） are evaluated by using passive integrated transponders（ PIT） technique.The offspring populations of YL, JL and HL were generated at the same hatching time and under the same rearing conditions,PIT tags were implanted in the muscle of all experimental individuals on 135 d（ day） .Afterwards,the related growth indexes were measured on 135 d（ before overwintering） ,325 d（ after overwintering） ,385 d and 445 d,respectively.The results demonstrated that the special growth rate for body weight of JL was significantly greater than that of YL and HL only during 1-135 d（ P0.05） ,while YL had faster special growth rate for body length than that of JL and HL not only during 1-135,but 325-385 d（ P0.05） .The coefficients of variability for body weight in each breed（ line） exceeded 20% in each detected period indicating there was a large variation of body weight between individuals within the same breed（ line） .For each population examined,though male fishes had greater gonad weight and mature coefficient of gonad than female fishes on 445 d（ P0.05） , significant difference of growth rate between male and female was not observed during the whole experiment.In addition,there was significant positive correlation between overwintering weight loss rate and body weight before overwintering in three carp breeds（ P0.01） .Interestingly,overwintering weight loss rate between individuals with the same body weight scale in each carp breeds（ lines） varied greatly,and these individuals could be subdivided into 2 populations with low weight loss（ LWL） and high weight loss（ HWL） .The body weight of the LWL population was significantly lower than that of the HWL population on 135 d（P0.05） ,while the LWL population had higher body weight on 325 d,385 d and 445 d than the HWL population（ P0.05） .For body length performance,the LWL population was higher than that of the HWL population in each detected period（ P0.05） .The overwintering weight loss rate had no correlation with the special growth rate for body weight during 325-385 d and 385-445 d,but had significantly negative correlation with the body weight on 385 d and 445 d（ P0.01） .