影像学在肺部感染诊断中的地位

The Role of Radiology in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Infection

肺部感染性疾病的发病率和病死率居各类感染之首(1/4～1/3)。如何早期诊断、降低其病死率依然是我们面临的严峻挑战。影像学检查在肺部感染的检出、病原学的鉴别、治疗后随访等诊断步骤中占有核心的地位,放射科医师在熟知肺部感染影像学征象的同时,应了解社区获得性肺炎、医院获得性肺炎和机遇性肺炎患者不同的临床背景及病原谱,充分利用影像学检查的优势,为促进该病的早期诊断、提高患者生存率发挥更大的作用。

Pulmonary infection is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality（1/4～1/3） in infectious diseases.How to make early diagnosis in order to lower the mortality is still a continuous challenge to health care.Imaging examination has a pivotal position not only in detection or exclusion of pneumonia but also in classification and differential diagnosis,and is helpful for follow-up. For the radiologist,besides knowing well imaging appearances of the disease,it is important to understand that community-acquired pneumonia （CAP）, hospita1 acquired pneumonia （HAP） and opportunistic pneumonia（OP） arise in different populations and host different spectra of causative pathogens to make early diagnosis and raise the survival rate of the patient.