中国城乡居民财产分布的实证研究

An Empirical Study of Wealth Distribution of Urban and Rural Households in China

本文利用奥尔多中心的调查数据,从三个方面对我国城乡居民财产分布状况进行了详细的实证分析。首先刻画了我国城乡居民财产分布的总体统计特征;然后从财产构成出发,对我国城乡居民财产分布进行了结构分解;最后,通过依照个体特征细分样本以及估算财产函数两种方式,探讨了财产分布及其不平等的内在因果关系。本文发现:我国财产分布的不平等程度已经比较严重,特别是农村财产分布的基尼系数已经超过城市;金融性资产和房产分布的不平等是净财产分布不平等的主要来源;职业、受教育程度以及党员身份对居民财产积累影响显著。

This paper makes a thorough empirical study, from three aspects, on the wealth distribution of urban and rural households in China based on data from Aordo Center. We first depict the holistic statistical features of wealth distribution; and then do an analysis of structural decomposition of wealth distribution, based on the makeup of wealth; at last we explore the possible causes of wealth distribution and inequality with two methods： dividing sample according to individual characteristics and estimating the wealth function. We observe a serious wealth inequality, and the Gini coefficient of rural households is already larger than that of urban, specifically. The inequality of financial assets and housing is the main source of net wealth inequality. Occupation, education and Party member status all have significant influences on households＇ wealth accumulation.