流域水文模型中河道断面概化的原理和方法

Principle and Method of River Cross Section Regularization in Watershed Hydrological Model

河道断面概化是开展水文、水动力学模拟的基础性工作。本文在对已有概化方法总结的基础上,提出了一套适用于流域水文模型的概化方法。该方法通过对实测断面的水深～过水面积关系进行回归分析,得到概化梯形断面的下底宽和边坡系数两个重要参数,使得概化后的断面与实测断面保持一致的水位～流量关系。以图们江流域为例,应用该方法对流域内15个实测断面进行概化,同时分析断面集水面积与断面形状、大小间关系。实例研究结果显示,该方法能较好地对河道断面进行概化,可应用于分布式水文模拟。

It is the groundwork of river cross section regularization in the hydrological and hydrodynamic simulation.On the basis of summarizing some regularization methods,this paper suggested a regularization method,which calculated the bottom width andthe grade of side slope by the regression of the relationship between water level and flow area.With this method,the regularized cross section can keep the same relationship between water level and the runoff.Taking the example of Tumenjiang watershed,15 cross sections were regularized in this watershed,and the relationship analysis was made between the catchment area and the shape and size of regularized cross section.The results indicate that the method is effective in the river cross section regularization,and can be applied to distributed hydrological model.