教育对中国收入不平等变迁的作用:1991～2006

The Effects of Schooling on the Income Inequality Change in China:1991～2006

中国的改革开放引发了经济的迅速增长,同时也造成了贫富差距扩大的问题,并成为中国进一步发展的瓶颈。本研究尝试在北卡罗大学卡罗人口中心和中国疾病预防控制中心营养与食品安全所合作调查的中国健康与营养调查(1991～2006)数据基础上,应用整体分布反事实模拟法对教育对中国收入不平等变迁的影响进行研究。研究发现,1991～2006年间,教育扩展对中国收入不平等变迁的作用表现为U字形趋势,即表现为"扩大—扩大的强度减少—缩小—缩小的强度增大"的趋势作用;而教育收益率的变化对中国收入不平等的作用表现为倒U字形方向,即"缩小—扩大—扩大的强度增强—强度缩小"的趋势作用。结论表明,教育对收入不平等的变化有所作为,但是要发挥教育改善收入不平等的作用,需要提高低收入群体的教育水平,改善教育自身的分配平等。

With the implementation of the open-door policy since 1978 in China,fast economic growth has happened,but income inequality increased and became the bottle-neck of further development.This study explores the effects of schooling on income inequality from 1991 to 2006.Its analysis is based on the China Health Nutrition Survey (CHNS) by Carolina Population Center at the University of North Carolina and the National Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention.The research shows that:the influence of expansion of schooling on the change of income inequality in China has a U-shape tendency,but the contribution of the rate of return to schooling takes an invert U-shape tendency.Schooling has influence on income inequality in China.However,the prerequisite of reducing income inequality is to enhance the schooling level for the people at the lower end.