高等教育规模扩张与各阶层子女入学机会变迁研究

Scale Expansion of Higher Education and Changes of Access among Children from Different Social Strata

在MMI和EMI理论及实证调查的基础上,本文以福建省为例,对改革开放后高等教育规模扩张过程中社会阶层子女入学机会分布的变化情况进行了研究。结果发现,各阶层子女总体的入学机会不均等程度有所改善。就不同层次高校而言,部属重点高校中的入学机会不均等程度经历了一个先扩大后缩小的过程,当前入学机会已开始下移,惠及部分中间阶层子女;普通本科院校和专科院校中的入学机会一直朝着均等化方向迈进,底层社会子女在此两类院校中获得的入学机会逐渐增多。

Building upon empirical data and MMI and EMI theories,the article studies the changes of access to higher education among different social strata during the higher education expansion since the reform and opening-up.The results show that the overall inequality of access has been improved gradually.As far as different levels of institutions are concerned,the inequality of access to key universities increases and then decreases,and at present,some access has passed down to some middle-class students.The inequality of access to other general four-year colleges and universities and to two/three-year colleges is decreasing since the reform,which contributes to the increasing access to higher education for lower class students.