马棘的γ辐照效应与彩叶突变选育

EFFECTS OF γ-IRRADIATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUTATIONS WITH COLORFUL LEAVES IN Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats

用0～450Gy 8种剂量60Coγ射线辐照马棘干种子,研究表明:150Gy以下低剂量辐照对种子具有刺激效应,350Gy以上的高剂量具有显著的抑制作用,200～450Gy之间时,剂量与出苗率、成苗率和苗高显著相关,综合考虑苗高和成苗率,初步认为马棘种子辐照以300Gy为佳。经300Gy辐照诱变2代出现黄色、白色、虎斑、紫色等4大类型的10种叶色变异,尤以黄色突变谱最丰富。并对比分析了黄色、紫色和银白3种叶色突变体材料的物候期、成枝量、分枝长度、主干花序数、结荚果数、成熟种子数、耐逆性与适应性等特征特性。

Dry seeds of Indigofera pseudotinctoria Mats were irradiated by ^60Co γ-rays of eight doses（0 ～ 450Gy）.The stimulative effects were observed in the doses lower than 150Gy,and significant inhibitive effects were observed in the doses higher than 200Gy.The 200 to 450Gy irradiation were significantly correlated with germination rate,survival rate and seedling height.Ten leaf color variations in four types were observed in M2 generation induced by 300Gy γ-irradiation.Among them,yellow type was richer in mutation spectrums.Three mutants with yellow,purple,silver white leaves,which were successfully applied in practice,were selected for comparative studies on the major characteristics,i.e.phenophase,number of shoots,shoot length,number of florets in main stem,number of legume pods,number of matured grains,stress tolerance and adaptation,together with the wild type.