冬小麦-夏玉米适宜氮磷用量和平衡施肥效应

Winter wheat-summer corn response to nitrogen and phosphorus application and balanced fertilization

在河北衡水对冬小麦-夏玉米适宜氮、磷用量及高产高效平衡施肥效应的研究表明,在土壤中等肥力水平下,冬小麦-夏玉米施用氮肥和磷肥均能显著增加产量和效益,冬小麦和夏玉米施用氮肥分别增产11.1%～32.2%(平均22.5%)和12.5%～24.1%(平均19.2%),分别增收853.50～2 775.00元/hm2(平均1 876.60元/hm2)和1 352.33～2 293.77元/hm2(平均1 651.04元/hm2);施用磷肥分别增产8.1%～14.0%(平均11.7%)和2.5%～13.2%(平均9.1%),分别增收563.4～1 380.6元/hm2(平均974.7元/hm2)和189.74～1 458.39元/hm2(平均765.31元/hm2)。冬小麦-夏玉米适宜N用量范围分别为220～260 kg/hm2和220～280kg/hm2,适宜施氮水平的氮肥利用率分别为36.5%和26.3%;适宜P2O5用量分别为90～110 kg/hm2和95～115kg/hm2,适宜施磷水平的磷肥利用率分别为16.8%～17.3%和11.8%～20.5%。冬小麦-夏玉米高产高效平衡施肥较农民习惯施肥增产5.3%～9.0%,增收454.19～992.5元/hm2,提高氮肥利用率5.0～15.2个百分点。

Results from the field experiment in Hengshui showed that nitrogen application under middle soil fertility level significantly increased yield of winter wheat and summer corn by 11.1%～32.2% and 12.5%～24.1%,respectively,and increased income by 853.50～2 775.00 yuan/hm2 and 1 352.33～2 293.77 yuan/hm2,respectively;phosphorus application also significantly increased yield of winter wheat and summer corn by 8.1%～14.0% and 2.5%～13.2%,respectively,and increased income by 563.4～1 380.6 yuan/hm2 and 189.74～1 458.39 yuan/hm2,respectively.The proper rate of N of winter wheat and summer corn was 220～260 kg/hm2 and 220～280 kg/hm2,respectively,and recovery rate of the proper N was 36.5% and 26.3%,respectively.The proper rate of P2O5 of winter wheat and summer corn was 90～110 kg/hm2and 95～115 kg/hm2,respectively,and recovery rate of the proper P2O5 was 16.8%～17.3% and 11.8%～20.5%,respectively.Balanced fertilization under different soil fertility levels distinctly increased yield,income,and nitrogen recovery rate of winter wheat-summer corn by 5.3%～9.0%,454.19～992.5 yuan/hm2,and 5.0～15.2 percentage point,respectively.