有机液肥的生物学特性及对黄瓜和草莓土传病害的防治效果

Biological property and bioclntrol effect of organic liquid fertilizer on soil-borne disease of cucumber and strawberry

以猪粪、鸡粪、中药渣为堆肥原料,分别与水以1∶10混合后通气培养,在室温条件下(20～25℃)进行间歇式好氧发酵3、7、14 d,获得理化、营养指标和微生物数量各不相同的有机液肥,并测定各种液肥对黄瓜种子发芽的影响、对植物病原菌的生长抑制效果以及盆栽条件下对黄瓜和草莓土传病害的防治效果。结果表明,分别以3种堆肥为原料,经不同发酵时间获得的各种有机液肥都呈碱性,且随着发酵时间的延长,3种液肥的pH都有不同程度的提高;3种液肥的电导率也随着发酵时间的延长而增大。种子发芽试验显示:所有液肥对种子发芽率均有不同程度的提高,中药渣液肥对种子发芽有明显的促进作用,且发芽指数也最高。不同发酵时间获得的液肥对草莓两种病原真菌都有不同程度的抑制,但经辐射灭菌处理后,所有液肥的抑菌作用完全丧失。盆栽实验显示:3种原料制备的液肥对黄瓜和草莓土传病害都有防效。猪粪液肥、鸡粪液肥和中药渣液肥分别使黄瓜健苗率提高65%、77%、60%,使草莓健苗率分别提高45%、50%、60%。对同一种病害,不同液肥防效不同;同一种液肥对不同作物病害的防效也存在显著差别。

Three organic liquid fertilizer（OLF）,named CT1（pig manure compost）,CT2（chicken manure compost）and CT3（herbal residues compost）respectively,were obtained after 3,7,14 d liquid fermentation with intermittent air blowing.Some researches were carried out on OLF：the population density of microbe in OLF was measured using the dilution plating method;the effects of OLF on seed germination was determined;growth inhibition of OLF to soil-borne plant pathogens in plate and biocontrol effect to cucumber and strawberry disease in pot experiment.The preliminary results were showed as following：Three OLFs with different fermentation time were alkaline and pH volume of all increased as fermentation time extended.The alkali of CT3 was strongest among three OLFs.EC volume of three OLFs increased with fermentation time extending.Each of fermentation culture of CT1,CT2 and CT3 increased germination rate,and CT3 promoted seed germination.The promotion effect of CT3 was better than the other two.The growth inhibition effect of three OLFs on two plant pathogens was different in plate test.All OLFs lost inhibition effect after 60Co radiation.Three OLFs showed efficient biocontrol effect on soil-borne disease control of cucumber and strawberry.The disease incidence of cucumber wilt decreased with 65%,77 %,60% in CT1,CT2,CT3 treatment separately and the healthy rate of strawberry increased with 45%,50%,60% respectively.The control effect of three OLFs on two plant disease was different;The control effet of one kind OLF on different plant diseases was significant difference.