哈密黄芪对小鼠的亚急性毒性试验

Subacute toxicity test of Astragalus hamiensis in mice

100只5～6周龄小鼠随机分为5组,每组20只(雌雄各半),雄鼠标记为ⅠA～ⅤA组,雌鼠标记为ⅠB～ⅤB组,Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ～Ⅴ组为试验组,分别给小鼠饲喂哈密黄芪干草粉量为基础饲料量15%,30%,45%,60%的混合饲料,连续饲喂5周,记录小鼠体质量、临床症状及主要血液学指标变化,并采集小鼠主要组织器官制作石蜡及透射电镜切片。结果表明,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组小鼠平均日增重为正值,且无明显中毒症状;Ⅳ、Ⅴ组小鼠平均日增重呈负增长,Ⅳ组小鼠饲喂11d出现明显中毒症状,但5d后症状减轻或消失,Ⅴ组小鼠饲喂7d后出现明显中毒症状。Ⅱ～Ⅳ、ⅤB组小鼠白细胞总数先升高后降低,而ⅤA组持续降低,与对照组相比均有显著差异(P<0.05);各试验组与对照组相比,红细胞总数及血红蛋白浓度均显著降低(P<0.05),且降低程度随毒草剂量增加而加剧,各试验组间差异显著(P<0.05)。病理组织学观察可见脑、心脏、肾、脾、睾丸和卵巢等组织发生明显空泡变性。结果提示,哈密黄芪中毒与疯草中毒相似,哈密黄芪应为疯草类植物的一种。

The toxic reaction and the effect of histopathological change of Astragalus hamiensis in mice were observed.The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups of 20 each （half male and half female）.The groups of male marked ⅠA-ⅤA,and the groups of female marked ⅠB-ⅤB.Group Ⅰ was the control group,and group Ⅱ to group Ⅴ were the test group.Four test groups were administrated with different dose of Astragalus hamiensis powder in mixed diet.The doses of Astragalus hamiensis powder were 15%,30%,45% and 60% of basal diet,respectively.The body weight,clinical symptoms and main hematological detection of the mice were recorded.Five weeks later,the principal organs were taked to make paraffin and transmission electron microscope section.The results showed that the average weight gain of groupⅡ and Ⅲ were positive value and didn’t have obviously toxic symptoms;the average in groupⅣ and Ⅴ were negative value.Obviously toxic symptoms were appeared 11 d after feed in groupⅣ feed the mixed diet,but decreased or disappeared latter 5 d.Obviously toxic symptoms were appeared in groupⅤ 7 d after feed the mixed diet.White blood cell （WBC） of groupⅡ-Ⅳ and groupⅤB was ascensus,and then depress,but WBC of group Ⅴ was depress during the experimental stage.Compared with control group these records was significant deviation （P0.05）;the red blood cell （RBC） and hemoglobin （HGB） of test groups significantly depressed （P0.05）.There was significant deviation among the test groups（P0.05）,intensifing with the heighten of powder dose.Vacuolar degeneration was checked in many organs,such as brain,heart,kidney,spleen and ballocks or ovaries.The symptoms of Astragalus hamiensis poisoning in mice were the same as those of loco in other animals.Thus,Astragalus hamiensis might belong to locoweed.