提高旱作大豆水分利用效率的覆膜方式研究

Water Use Efficiency of Soybean under Different Mulching in Dryland

于2009年在甘肃省东部黄土旱塬区进行了旱作大豆地膜覆盖方式的研究。结果表明:沟垄覆膜能够将农田集水与保墒结合为一体,可以明显提高土壤水分含量,降低大豆全生育期耗水量与耗水强度。沟垄覆膜处理产量可达3279.8 kg.hm-2,较常规平膜覆盖、露地种植产量分别提高14.0%、41.9%;水分利用效率达到12.8 kg.hm-2.mm-1,较常规平膜覆盖、露地种植分别提高19.6%、58.0%。沟垄覆膜栽培技术能够显著提高大豆产量及水分利用效率,在大豆生育前期可以有效保持土壤水分,生育中后期可将深层土壤水分提到上层供大豆生长所需,是旱作区进一步提高大豆产量的有效途径。

In order to improve the cultivation technique of covering film and reduce drought stress in semi-arid regions, field experiments was conducted on soybean which under drought stress by different mulching modes in the semi-arid regions of west Loess Plateau in Gansu Province. Soil water content increased obviously and water consumption reduced in whole phono- logical stages under the treatment of film mulching on ridge and furrow （FMORAF）. The yield and water use efficiency （WUE） reached 3279.8 kg · ha -1 and 12.8 kg · ha-1· mm-1 respectively, which increased by 14.0% and 19.6% when compared with film mulching on rows（FMOR） and increased by 41.9% and 58.0% when compared with no film mulching （NFM） mode, respectively. FMORAF could maintain soil moisture during earlier stage effectively, and in the latter growth stage water from deep soil could be used in soybean plants by FMORAF. The results suggested that FMORAF is a useful and efficient way to enhance the yield and rain water use efficiency （RWUE） of soybean in dry fields.