土壤主要养分变化和超高产大豆养分吸收之间关系的研究

Relationship between Nutrient Contents in Soil and the Nutrient Absorption of Super-high Yielding Soybean

研究了新疆绿洲生态条件下超高产大豆生育期内土壤中水解氮、速效磷和速效钾3种主要养分的变化情况,并分析了其与大豆主要养分积累之间的关系。结果表明:土壤中水解性氮、速效磷和速效钾每天下降的幅度为:V1～R1期分别为0.29、0.01和0.01 mg.kg-1,R3～R6分别为1.88、0.32和0.14 mg.kg-1,R6～R8分别为2.11、0.23和0.56 mg.kg-1。大豆中后期是土壤主要养分减少的高峰期,大豆整个生育期土壤中水解氮的浓度降低较为明显,速效磷浓度的降低主要集中在大豆生长中期,速效钾浓度的降低则集中在大豆生长后期。水解氮的减少量随着土壤肥力的升高表现出增加的趋势。此外,大豆早浇头水可以提前对主要营养元素的吸收时间,但不改变对主要营养元素的总吸收量。土壤中水解氮的减少和植株体内N的吸收量呈极显著正相关,速效磷、速效钾的减少和植株体内PO、KO的吸收量都呈显著正相关。

The relationships between hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium absorption of super-high yield soybean and different fertilizer application levels in soil were conducted in farmland of Xinjiang oasis in 2007. The main resuits showed that,from V1 to R1, hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium were decreased by 0.29, 0.01 and 0.01 mg · kg-1respectively per day; from R3 to R6, the three nutrients decreased by 1. 88, 0.32 and 0.14 mg · kg-1 respectively per day ; and from R6 to RS, they decreased by 2.11, 0.23 and 0.56 mg ·kg- 1 respectively per day. The resuits indicated that peak reduction period of main nutrients in the soil emerged in the middle and later growth period of soybean. The reduction of hydrolytic nitrogen in soil was obvious in the entire growth period of soybean, the decline of available phosphorus and potassium were in the middle and later growth period of soybean, respectively. The decrease content of hydrolysis nitrogen was increased when soil fertilizer level was enhanced. Moreover, soybean nutrient absorption time was ad- vanced when irrigation was earlier, however, the total amount of nutrient absorption was not changed. Correlation analysis showed that the reduction of hydrolytic nitrogen in soil had an extremely significant positive correlation with the soybean hydrolytic nitrogen absorption, and the available phosphorus, potassium reduction had significant positive correlation with P2O5, K2O absorption of soybean.