大豆种子分级播种对田间保苗及产量的影响

Seed Grading Sowing Improves Survival Seedling and Yield of Soybean

以绥农14大豆为材料,对经机械精选分级产生的4级大豆种子进行室内测定和田间试验,旨在为大豆分级播种技术的应用提供依据。结果表明:P1(大粒)的发芽率低、田间损失率低,P4(小粒)与之相反;不同级别种子田间保苗率不同,P2(较大粒)与P4、P6(较大粒与中粒混合)与P4之间存在极显著差异,P1与P4、P3(中粒)与P4间的差异也达到了显著水平,P2处理的田间保苗率最高。各处理间株高、茎粗差异不显著,结荚高度、主茎节数、结荚节数及分枝数间达到显著或极显著差异。P2、P3无论是单独播种,还是混合播种(P6)产量均较未分级的种子(P5)有所提高,P6较P5增产14.21%,4个级别种子的加权产量较P5增产27.80%,P2、P3的加权产量比P6增产19.44%,比P5增产34.41%。结果证明大豆种子分级播种是一项简单、经济、适用的技术。

In order to provide the basis for the application of soybean seed grading sowing technology, soybean seeds of Sui- nong 14 were classified into four grades by mechanical selection and the indexes of indoor germination rate, seedling loss rate, agronomic traits including plant height, stem diameter, height of lowest pod, nodes number, branch number as well as yield were tested. Germination rate and field seedling loss rate of P1 （ big seed） was lower than other treatments, while P4 （small seed） showed contrary trend compared with P1. The field survival seedling rate varied with seed size,there were very significant difference between P2 （bigger seed） and P4,P6 （bigger seed mixed with middle seed）and P4 ; the difference between P1 and P4, P3 （middle seed） and P4 reached significant level, with P2 the highest. Significant or very significant difference for agronomic traits including height of lowest pod, node number, reproductive node number and branch number except plant height and stem diameter were observed among different treatments. Yield of the single sowing of P2,P3 and mixed sowing（P6） were increased than ungraded seed （P5） , yield of P6 increased by 14.21% compared with P5 . Compared with P5, the weighted yield of four graded soybean seeds increased by 27.80%. The weighted yield of P2 and P3 respectively sowing increased by 19.44% and 34.41% compared with P6 and PS, respectively. Results suggestted that soybean seed grading sowing is a simple,economic and applicable technology.