社会主义观的变迁:从列宁到斯大林

The Transformation of Socialist Concept:From Lenin to Stalin

在当代社会主义的实践过程中,理想与现实、理论与实践的矛盾自始就存在。这正是苏维埃政权最初岁月那些重大错误的原因。实践修正了理论。列宁在他生命的最后时刻,终于实现了他的社会主义观的"根本改变"。而这一"根本改变"之未凝聚成全党的共识并付诸实施,则正是苏联社会主义最终失败的原因。斯大林通过计划经济回到了"战时共产主义",并把传统的社会主义观宣布为神圣不可"改变";而实际上这种"改变"是不可避免的。

There were continuous conflicts between ideal and reality as well as theory and practice in the process of contemporary socialist practice,which led to the major mistakes in the early years of the Soviet Union.As a result,the practice revised the theory.Lenin had a fundamental change of his views on socialism in his later years.But such a change did not reach a consensus inside the party,nor put into practice,which brought about the failure of Soviet socialism in the end.While Stalin implemented the policy of ＂Wartime Communism＂ by carrying out planned economy,and declared the traditional socialist concept sacred and immutable.In fact,the transformation of socialist concept is inescapable.