黑尔对功利主义和义务论的统一

Hare's Unification of Utilitarianism and Deontology

在黑尔看来,从普遍规定主义出发,传统功利主义与康德义务论伦理学并非人们通常所认为的那样水火不容。一方面,不必过多地关注那些少见的、不重复发生的特殊情况,而依据道德直觉原则或康德义务论行动;另一方面,在一些确属特殊的情况下,可以根据批判思维灵活地具体问题具体处理,而根据功利主义原则去行动,这就是康德主义的功利主义的态度。

In Hare＇s opinion,Kant＇s deontology and the traditional utilitarianism are not incompatible on the basis of universal prescriptivism.On one hand,people could follow the principle of moral intuition or the deontology in most cases,ignoring those rare and special cases which are unlikely to reoccur.On the other hand,under specific circumstances the problem could be flexibly handled in accordance with utilitarianism.It is also the attitude of Kant＇s toward utilitarianism.