不同异氟醚全凭吸入法麻醉大鼠安全性与实用性比较

Comparison of security and practicality in rats which accept different means of isoflurane inhalation anesthesia

目的比较不同异氟醚吸入麻醉方法对大鼠麻醉的安全性、稳定性及可操作性。方法将4月龄SD大鼠60只随机分为3组,分别通过吸入箱麻醉(A组)、不插管面罩麻醉(B组)、气管插管吸入麻醉(C组)5 h,进行吸入麻醉药浓度可控性、大鼠生命体征、术中及术后死亡率比较。结果麻醉2 h A组大鼠死亡率为15%,处理结束时共死亡6只,并且麻醉箱内麻醉药气体浓度波动明显,目标浓度难以维持。B组与C组异氟醚吸入浓度恒定,维持平稳。B组麻醉3 h内未出现大鼠呼吸抑制及死亡,麻醉结束时死亡率为20%。处理结束后1 d C组死亡2只,术后7 d C组共死亡3只,A、B组无大鼠死亡,麻醉后死亡率C组高于A、B组。结论异氟醚面罩及气管插管吸入麻醉能保证准确、平稳的麻醉药吸入浓度;大鼠异氟醚吸入麻醉3 h内行面罩吸入是简便安全的,同时减少术后死亡率;长于3 h的吸入麻醉最好进行气管插管,但同时也会使术后死亡风险增高。

Objective To compare the difference in security,stability and operability of isoflurane inhalation anesthesia in rats.Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into three groups with 20 rats in each group.Rats in each group respectively accepted isoflurane inhalation anesthesia through inhalation anesthesia box,non-intubation anesthesia mask,and endotracheal intubation anesthesia for 5 h.The concentration of inhaled anesthetics,rat vital signs,the intraoperative and postoperative mortality were compared.Results In the group box,there were three rats dead when anethesiaed for 2 h,and six dead when anesthesia at the end.Compared with the other two groups,the concentration of isoflurane significantly fluctuated and difficult to maintain effectively in the box group.In the anesthesia mask group,there were no rats dead after 3 h anesthesia but four dead when at the end of anesthesia.One day after anesthesia to a week,there were three rats dead in endotracheal intubation group and without any rat dead in the other two groups.Conclusion The isoflurane anesthesia using mask inhalation and tracheal intubation can guarantee accurate and stable concentrations of inhaled anesthetics.It is simple and secure for rats accepting inhalation for 3 h with inhalation mask,while reducing the postoperative mortality;It is better for using endotracheal intubation if the inhalation anesthesia is longer than 3 h,but it also would increase the risk of postoperative death.