海南省文昌鸡主要养殖地区鸡球虫种类及感染情况调查

Investigation on Infection Situation and Species of Coccidia in Wenchang Chicken Main Cultured Area of Hainan Province

为了解海南省文昌鸡主要养殖地区鸡球虫种类及感染情况,采用群体采样法分别从各调查点采集新鲜鸡粪,检查粪样。阳性粪样采用饱和盐水漂浮和离心沉淀法进行卵囊分离,2.5%重铬酸钾培养保存。显微镜下观察卵囊进行虫种鉴定,并统计各调查点的鸡球虫种类、感染率和感染强度。结果显示,检查雏鸡(15～42日龄)、青年鸡(43～84日龄)和成年鸡(85～130日龄)粪样各300份,球虫的感染率分别为82.7%、78.0%和38.3%。共检出7种球虫,均属艾美耳属,分别为毒害艾美耳球虫(E.necatrix)、堆型艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)、巨型艾美耳球虫(E.maxima)、柔嫩艾美耳球虫(E.tenella)、和缓艾美耳球虫(E.mitis)、哈氏艾美耳球虫(E.hagani)和早熟艾美耳球虫(E.praecox)。结果表明,球虫感染在海南省文昌鸡主要养殖地区普遍存在,雏鸡和青年鸡的感染率较高,且中度以上(包括中度)感染偏多;成年鸡的感染率相对较低,且多为轻度感染。

In order to investigate infection situation and species of coccidia in Wenchang chicken main cultured area of Hainan province,Wenchang chicken＇s fecal specimens were collected by population sampling method and examined by saturated salt water floating method. The coccidia isolated from fecal specimens was cultivated with 2.5% potassium dichromate. The species of coccidia was characterized under microscope. The species, infection rate and infection intensity of coccidia in each survey points was counted. The results showed that coccidia infection rates of 15 to 42,43 to 84 and 85 to 130 days of age chicken were respectively 82.7%,78.0% and 38.3%. Seven kinds of Eimeria were found in all specimens,namely,E.necatrix,E.acervulina,E.maxima,E.tenella,E.mitis,E.hagani and E.praecox. The results suggested the infection of coccidia existed widely in Wenchang chicken main cultured area of Hainan province. The infection rates of 15 to 42 and 43 to 84 days of age chicken were higher and the number of medium and high infection intensity was more. The infection rate of 85 to 130 days of age chicken was lower and the infection intensity was mainly mild infection.