应对气候变化的碳足迹研究综述

A Review of the Research on Carbon Footprint Responding to Climate Change

由温室气体引起的全球变暖问题已引起国际社会的普遍关注,随着全球变暖成为社会关注的热点,碳足迹成为一个新的研究方法并迅速得到学术界的认可。本文从碳足迹的起源和各种定义入手,系统阐述了碳足迹的概念,并从不同角度探讨了碳足迹的各种分类。本文重点介绍了碳足迹的计算方法,主要包括投入产出分析方法、生命周期评价法、IPCC计算方法和碳足迹计算器等四大类,并总结和比较了四种方法的优缺点。在此基础上,对国内外相关研究系统地进行了归纳和总结,客观分析和评价了当前碳足迹的研究现状和存在的问题。本文还介绍了目前国际上四个主要的碳足迹评估标准:英国的PAS2050:2008标准、世界可持续发展商业协会和世界资源研究院共同发起制定的GHG议定书、日本的标准仕样书TS Q0010标准和ISO14067标准,并以GHG议定书和PAS2050两个标准为例分析了进行碳足迹评估的重要前提———边界界定问题。最后对碳足迹研究的重点领域和发展方向进行了展望。

The problem of global warming, caused by greenhouse gases, has aroused increasing attention from the international community. With the increasing concerns on global warming, carbon footprint analysis has become a new method for assessing regional greenhouse gas emissions and has been widely applied by academia. This paper first presents the origin and the different definitions on carbon footprint, clearly clarifies the concept of carbon footprint and then explores different categorization approaches on carbon footprint. The main focus of tiffs paper is to introduce different calculation methods on carbon footprint analysis, including life cycle assessment, input-ontput analysis, the IPCC method and carhon footprint calculator. Advantages and disadvantages of the four calculation methods are also stanmarized and compared. On the basis of this, we review the current research progress at home and abroad and identify the key issues. We also introduce four main evaluation standards on carbon footprint： the British Standard PAS 2050：2008, the Greenhouse Gas Protocol made by World Business Council for Sustainable Development and World Resource Institute, the Japanes standard TSQ 0010, and ISO 14067. Besides, the important premise of how to solve the boundary problem on carbon footprint evaluation is recognized based upon both GHG Protocal standard and PAS 2050 standard. We finally present the future research perspectives on carbon footprint analysis.