环保运动参与:资源动员论与后物质主义价值观

Participation in the Environmental Movement:Resource Mobilization Theory VS Post-materialist Values:An example on Xiamen PX

针对人们参与环保运动的动机,"资源动员理论"认为,人们更多的是出于对自身利益的追求——不要污染我的居住环境,而"后物质主义价值观"则认为,人们参与环保运动是为了提高人类整体的生活质量,是为了减轻和遏制污染对整个人类环境造成的破坏。西方理论界的普遍观点是:20世纪70年代以后,在西方,人们参与环保运动主要是受"后物质主义价值观"的影响。本文通过对厦门PX事件深入调查所获取的数据进行分析,发现:在当代中国,人们参与环保运动的动机更多的是个人利益的算计,而非西方社会认可的全社会已经形成了一种普遍的"后物质主义价值观"。本文并对人们在环保运动参与程度上存在差异的原因进行了分析:①社会发展状况,主要受经济发展水平的影响。②传统文化对我国公众环境意识的影响。③制度原因:自上而下的环境政策造成了公众的政府依赖性;地方行政干预影响了公众环境意识的发展;政策法规的缺位使公众的环境意识难以转化为具体的环境行为。④民间环保组织发展不完善。

In terms of people＇s participation in the motives of enviironmental movement, ＂resource mobilization theory＂ is that it is the pursuit of individual self-interest： don＇s pollute my living environment, while ＂post-materialistic values＂ is that people are to improve the quality of life of mankind as a whole, and to reduce and contain pollution without damaging environment. The popular view in Western theorists is that people＇s participation in the environmental movement is dominated by ＂post-materialistic values＂ after 1970s in the West. The investigation of Xiamen PX showed： In present China, people＇s participation in the environmental movement is motivated by personal interests, rather than the popular view that the whole society has formed a kind of universal ＂pest-materialistic values＂ in Western society. The paper analyzes why there are differences in the level of participation in the environmental movement： ① The level of social development is vestrieted by economic development level. ②Traditional culture has impact on the public environmental awareness. ③The top-down envirornmental policies resulted in governmental dependence of the public; the intervention from the local administrative affects the development of public environmental awareness; the absence of policies and regulations caused the public＇ s environmental awareness not to translate into concrete environmental behavior. ④There are some limitations in development of environmental NGO.