中国公众环境意识的变化趋势

Change Trend of Public Environmental Awareness in China

了解公众环境意识的变化趋势对于提高公众环境意识水平至关重要。为此,本文以已有调查报告中发布的数据为基础,从公众的环保意识、环保行为和环保满意度3个方面对比分析1998-2007年我国公众环境意识的总体变化,采用综合评估法分析过去10年我国公众环境意识的变化特征及原因,并对未来环境意识的变化进行趋势分析。研究结果表明:过去10年,我国公众环境意识的总体水平呈上升趋势,其发展过程呈现出类似"环境库兹涅茨曲线"的特征。预计未来我国公众环境意识的总体水平将呈现加速上升趋势,2008-2017年进入快速上升阶段,2019年将达到较高的稳定水平。因此,建议未来应加强农村和低教育群体的环境认知教育,激发企业的环保积极性,鼓励城市公众进行垃圾分类和绿色消费。

Understanding the change trend of public environmental awareness in China plays a crucial role to improve the level of public environmental awareness. Therefore, based on existing data from the investigations and reports, 3 aspects （environmental awareness, enviroranental behavior and environmental satisfaction） were selected to analyze, the general change of public environmental awareness from 1998 to 2007. Characteristics and reasons of variation of Chinese public environmental awareness in the last decade were analyzed with comprehensive evaluation method. In the end, the change tendency of environmental awareness in the future was also predicted. The research result showed that： in past ten years, the overall level of public environmental awareness in China had been improved and the development process had a characteristic that is similar to ＂Environmental Kuznets Curve＂. It＇ s predicted that the overall level of public environmental awareness in China will have an acceleratedly increasing trend in the future. To be more precise, China will step into the acceleratedly increasing period during 2008 - 2017 and reach a higher stability level in 2019. So we suggest that those living in rural areas and those receiving Dower education should be the key groups to receive education on environmaental cognition, environmental protection enthusiasm of enterprises should be promoted, and the urban public should classify the wastes and consume green products.