我国农地流转制度的现实困境与未来改革

Study on the Present Difficulties and Future Reforms of Rural Land Transfer System in China

我国农地流转制度存在着现实的困境,农地制度变迁中存在着明显的路径依赖现象,在一定程度上阻碍了农地流转制度的改革;农户从农地流转中得到的土地收益很少,不能成为农地流转制度改革的第一行动集团;地方政府是现有制度安排的既得利益者,不愿成为农地流转制度改革的第二行动集团。需要采取措施,保证未来农地流转制度改革的顺利进行,主要包括,明确相关主体的农地产权边界,减少农地产权的公共域,提高农地制度变迁的整体效率;增加农民的农地流转收益,提高农民参与农地制度变革的积极性,切实保障农户的农地流转主体地位;规范地方政府土地管理行为,减少地方财政对农地流转收益的依赖程度,促进地方政府积极进行农地流转制度变革。

Rural land transfer system has present difficulties in China.Because of path dependence in rural land system change,it hinders the reform of rural land transfer system.As the peasant obtains few land profit,it can not become the first group of reform.Being the profit takers,the local governments should not become the second group of reform.We must take measures to make sure that the reform of rural land transfer system is successful.Through clearly dividing the frontier and decreasing the common area of rural land property,we can raise the total efficiency.If the land profits are increased the peasant would positively reform the rural land transfer system.We should impulse local governments to reform the rural land transfer system by standardizing land governing and reducing their land profits.