《程氏杂说》佚文考说

On the Lost Pieces of Chengshi Zashuo(Cheng's Miscellaneous Writings)

《程氏杂说》当为十卷,此书曾为宋人李明复《春秋集义》所征引。考李明复《春秋集义》引《程氏杂说》佚文凡十七条,其中可与刘绚《春秋传》佚文相较者有四条,而此四条文辞几乎完全相同,这充分证实了李明复所言"今世传《程氏杂说》首卷所载皆绚传"确非虚言。由于《程氏杂说》首卷所载《春秋》经解在当时被很多人误认为是"程解",而此首卷又恰止于闵公二年,僖公以后全无经说。这可能正是导致程颐《春秋传》止于闵公这一误说产生的原因。《程氏杂说》佚文对程颐《春秋传》有两个重要作用,一是推广其义,二是补其未及。单从著述完成先后来看,程颐撰作《春秋传》应该还参考了刘绚《春秋传》,而不是相反。

Chengshi Zashuo （Cheng＇s Miscellaneous Writings） should have ten volumes, and has been quoted by Li Mingfu of Song Dynasty in his Chunqiu Jiyi （Annotation of Spring and Automn）. We have found that among 17 lost pieces which have been quoted by Li, 4 pieces are almost completely same with the contents in Chunqiu Zhuan （History of the Period of Spring and Automn ） by Liu Xuan. This can prove what Li said was true that the first volume of Chengshi Zashuo are completely from Liu＇ book. The annotation of Chunqiu in the first volume of Chengshi Zashuo was regarded as Cheng＇s opinion, and the history in the volume ended in the second year of the King of Min, and there were no classical history books after the King of Xi, which leading to the misinformation that the history in Chunqiu Zhuan ended at the time of the King of Min. The lost pieces of Chengshi Zashuo have important effects on Chunqiu Zhuan, one is to spread Chunqiu Zhuan＇s influence, the other is to make up its missing parts. So from the completion time of the two books, we believe that Cheng Yi＇s Chunqiu Zhuan has taken reference from Liu Xuan＇s Chunqiu Zhuan.