福建省5岁以下儿童不同年龄间维生素A缺乏分析研究

Analysis and research on vitamin A deficiency of children under five years old among different age groups in Fujian

目的:了解5岁以下儿童不同年龄间维生素A缺乏发生率的分布特点。方法:根据福建省地理位置、经济状况采取整群分层抽样方法,共分3个层,城市、沿海、山区。每个层抽取2～4个县市,共有福州、厦门、连城等9个县市。对儿童进行常规体检、病史询问和血清维生素A检测。调查前举办培训班。结果:福建省5岁以下儿童维生素A亚临床缺乏患病率为6.3%,各个年龄组维生素A亚临床缺乏患病率以0岁组最高,达18.8%;其次为6个月组,10.7%;第3为12个月组,4.5%;3～5岁后基本相等,1.5%。年龄越小患病率越高,随着年龄的增加,患病率下降。经过统计分析,不同年龄组的儿童差异有统计学意义。维生素A缺乏与喂养方式有密切关系。母乳喂养者患病率高,为16.5%,人工喂养相对低,为8.2%,只有母乳喂养的一半。结论:婴儿早期开始服用鱼肝油,增加与多食胡萝卜、肝脏等维生素A含量高的食物,是预防和治疗维生素A缺乏的最有效、最迅速、最经济的手段。儿童保健工作者日常工作应宣传预防和治疗维生素A缺乏的知识。

Objective：To understand the distribution characteristics of vitamin A deficiency incidence of children under five years old among different age groups.Methods：Stratified cluster sampling method was adopted according to geographical location and economic conditions of Fujian province,three layers including urban,coastal and mountain areas were selected in the study,2～4 counties and cities were abstracted from each layer,at last,9 counties and cities including Fuzhou,Xiamen and Liancheng were selected;the children received conventional physical examination,history inquiry and serum vitamin A detection;training before the survey.Results：The incidence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency of children under five years old in Fujian was 6.3%,the incidence of 0 year group was the highest（18.8%）,followed by 6 months group（10.7%）,the third was 12 months group（4.5%）;for the children aged 3～5 years old,the incidences were basically the same（1.5%）;the incidence decreased with age;there was significant difference among different age groups;vitamin A deficiency was related to feeding patterns closely;the incidences of vitamin A deficiency of children with breast feeding and artificial feeding were 16.5% and 8.2%,respectively.Conclusion：Early intake of cod liver oil during infant period,supplement of fresh carrots,liver and other food with high vitamin A content are the most effective,rapid and economical methods for prevention and treatment of vitamin A deficiency;children health care workers should propagandize knowledge of prevention and treatment of vitamin A deficiency.