河南省弱春性小麦冬前壮苗叶龄指标的确定

Foliar Age Determination of Sound Seedling of Weak-spring Wheat in Henan Province

选用3个有代表性的弱春性小麦品种,在河南省18个试验点种植,研究了冬前积温(播期)对产量的影响及冬前壮苗叶龄指标的确定。结果表明,冬前积温与小麦产量存在二次回归关系,冬前积温在590℃时产量最高,表明此积温下的播期是河南省弱春性小麦的适宜播期。随冬前积温增加(播期提早),弱春性小麦冬前长1片叶子所需要积温增加,冬前积温350～770℃,长1片叶子所需要的积温在57～84℃。根据适宜冬前积温长1片叶子所需积温推算,河南省弱春性小麦冬前应处于六叶一心期,这样既能充分利用冬前积温获得高产,又能保证弱春性小麦安全越冬。

Three weak-spring wheat cultivars were cultivated at 18 locations（from 32°N to 36°N） in Henan province to evaluate the effect of accumulated temperature before wintering on yield and to determine the foliar age of sound seedlings.Results indicated that（Ⅰ） there was quadratic regression between the accumulated temperature before wintering and the grain yield of weak-spring wheat.The appropriate accumulated temperature was 590℃,which could be used to determine the suitable sowing date of weak spring wheat.（Ⅱ） The accumulated temperature before wintering varied from 350 to 770℃ in Henan province,and the accumulated temperature needed by each wheat leaf varied from 57 to 84℃.The earlier the sowing date,the more accumulated temperature was needed for a leaf growth.（Ⅲ） The foliar age of sound seedling was 6.4 based on the appropriate accumulated temperature and the accumulated temperature needed by each wheat leaf,which assured the weak spring wheat safety overwintering and high yielding through efficiently use of accumulated temperature before wintering.