丘陵旱地一年两熟制条件下小麦、玉米阶段耗水量研究

Research on Crop Stage Water Consumption with Two Crops A Year on Dry-land in Hilly Areas

以野外定位观测的方法,对河南省辉县市张村的冬小麦耗水量进行了测定。结果表明,小麦在4500～6000kg/hm2产量水平下,耗水量216.3～345.2mm,播种-返青、返青-抽穗、抽穗-成熟不同生育阶段耗水量分别占全生育期总耗水量的25.9%～36.9%、22.0%～31.1%、31.9%～52.2%,但年际间变幅悬殊较大;夏玉米在6750～7500kg/hm2产量水平下,耗水量为299.6～462mm,分别占同期自然降水量的81.3%～97.4%,播种-拔节、拔节-大喇叭口、大喇叭口-成熟不同生育阶段耗水量分别占全生育期总耗水量的17.1%～17.3%、34.5%～39.1%、43.6%～48.4%。小麦、玉米拔节以后耗水强度明显增加,拔节期、灌浆期是小麦2个重要的水分需求期,大喇叭口期是玉米的重要水分需求期,在目前河南省中北部丘陵旱地,自然降水对玉米水分保证率较高,而对小麦保证率较低,节水补灌重点应放在夏粮作物上。

By using field monitoring methods,the village,the water consumption of winter wheat grown Zhangcun town of Huixian county,Henan province were determined.Water consumption can reach 216.3-345.2mm at the yield level of 4500-6000kg/ha.The water consumption percentage constitution of different growing period was 25.9%-36.9% between seeding and reviving stages,22.0%-31.1% between reviving and heading stages,and 31.9%-52.2% between heading and maturation.The variation was great among different years.When the yield level of corn was 6750-7500kg/ha,water consumption 299.6-462mm which account for 81.3%-97.4% of precipitation during the period of the year.The water consumption percentage constitution of different growing period was 17.1%-17.3% between seeding and jointing stages,34.5%-39.1% between jointing and trumpet stages,and 43.6%-48.4% between trumpet and maturation stages.For both wheat and corn,the water consumption density increased dramatically after jointing stage.The jointing and seed filling stages were two important periods for wheat water consumption.The trumpet stage was important for corn.In the dry-land hilly areas of middle and north Henan province at the current situation,natural precipitation can generally meet the water demand of autumn grain crops,while for summer grain crops,it is inadequate.So the emphases of water-saving irrigation should be on the summer grain crops.